Ogonowski, M., Schür, C., Jarsén, Å., & Gorokhova, E. (2016). The
Effects of Natural and Anthropogenic Microparticles on Individual
Fitness in Daphnia magna. PloS one, 11(5), e0155063. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155063
- Both small plastic fragments (microplastics, MPs) produced by
degradation of larger plastic waste (secondary MPs; SMPs) and
microscopic plastic spheres used in cosmetic products and industry
(primary MPs; PMPs) are ubiquitously present in the environment. Scientists manipulated food levels (0.4 and 9 µg C mL-1) and MP or
kaolin contribution to the feeding suspension (<1 to 74%) and
evaluated effects of MPs and kaolin on food uptake, growth, reproductive
capacity of the daphnids, and maternal effects on offspring survival
and feeding. As PMPs, spherical fluorescent, plastic beads ranging 1–5 µm with a mean
of 4.1 ± 1.0 µm (mean equivalent spherical diameter, ESD) and a density
of 1.3 g cm-3 (Cospheric LLC, Goleta, USA) were used.
Secondary MPs were prepared by grinding 1 mm fluorescent polyethylene
beads with a density of 1.0 g cm-3 (Cospheric LLC, Goleta, USA) in liquid nitrogen using a Retsch cryomill (Retsch, Düsseldorf, Germany).
Bringer, A., Cachot, J., Prunier, G., Dubillot, E., Clérandeau, C.,
& Hélène
Thomas (2020). Experimental ingestion of fluorescent microplastics by
pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, and their effects on the behaviour
and development at early stages. Chemosphere, 254, 126793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126793
- Plastics are persistent synthetic polymers that accumulate as waste in
the marine environment. Microplastics (MPs, <5 mm) can be found
either as microbeads in body care and some industrial products or as
plastic debris through degradation. Plastic microbeads (1-5 µm,
fluorescent, Cospheric) were used to characterise the MP ingestion and
determine their potential harmful effects on both the swimming behaviour
and development of oyster D-larvae (Crassostrea gigas).
Gerdes, Z., Ogonowski, M., Nybom, I., Ek, C., Adolfsson-Erici, M.,
Barth, A., & Gorokhova, E. (2019). Microplastic-mediated transport
of PCBs? A depuration study with Daphnia magna. PloS one, 14(2), e0205378. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205378
- The effect of microplastic on the PCB removal in planktonic animals was evaluated by exposing the cladoceran Daphnia magna
with a high body burden of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 18, 40, 128
and 209) to a mixture of microplastic and algae; daphnids exposed to
only algae served as the control. The microplastics (fluorescent green microspheres, FMG-1.3 1–5 µm, a proprietary polymer with density of 1.3 g cm-3 and a melting point of 290°C) was purchased from Cospheric.
Barboza, L., Vieira, L. R., Branco, V., Carvalho, C., & Guilhermino,
L. (2018). Microplastics increase mercury bioconcentration in gills and
bioaccumulation in the liver, and cause oxidative stress and damage in
Dicentrarchus labrax juveniles. Scientific reports, 8(1), 15655. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34125-z
- The knowledge on the toxicity of mixtures containing microplastics and
other contaminants to marine species is still scarce. The main goals of
this study were to investigate the oxidative stress and lipid oxidative
damage potentially induced by 96h of exposure to mercury (0.010 and
0.01mg/L), microplastics (0.26 and 0.69mg/L), and mixtures of the two
substances (same concentrations, full factorial) in the gills and liver
of D. labrax juveniles, and the possible influence of microplastics on mercury bioconcentration (gills) and bioaccumulation (liver). Fluorescent red polymer microspheres (1–5µm diameter) were used as
microplastics particles and were purchased from Cospheric – Innovations
in Microtechnology (USA). According to manufacturer indications, 1mg of
the product contains about 1.836E+8 spheres (estimate made for an
average of 2µm diameter).
Arno Bringer, Jérôme Cachot, Grégoire Prunier, Emmanuel Dubillot, Christelle Clérandeau, Hélène Thomas,
Experimental ingestion of fluorescent microplastics by pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, and their effects on the behaviour and development at early stages,
Chemosphere,
Volume 254,
2020,
126793,
ISSN 0045-6535, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126793
- Plastic microbeads (1–5 μm, fluorescent, Cospheric) were used to characterise the MP ingestion and determine their potential harmful effects on both the swimming behaviour and development of oyster D-larvae (Crassostrea gigas).